Life and Technology

Stock options provide advanced investors with additional opportunities for potentially rewarding returns. But stock options do possess risks that require an in-depth understanding of how they work. This article provides a basic overview of stock options.

Before You Start:

* Pull out all paperwork describing your workplace benefits coverage to learn whether your employer
grants stock options to employees.
* Review the expiration dates on any stock options you currently own.
* Review the buy/sell prices for your stock options.

1. An Introduction to Stock Options

Options on stocks and stock indexes are derivative instruments. Stock investors may use stock options to hedge against a price decline, to lock in a future purchase price, or to speculate on the future price of a stock. Employees may also receive stock options through an employee compensation plan. For employees, stock options represent the potential for growth in value and the possibility that the increase in value will be taxed at a favorable capital-gains tax rate.

2. The Basics of Stock Options

A stock option is essentially a contract that gives one party the right to purchase or sell a stated number of shares of a stock at a specified price. The price at which the shares may be purchased or sold is known as the strike or exercise price. The right to exercise lasts for a stated period of time, which may be months or years, until the expiration date. If not exercised on or before the expiration date, the option expires.

Options come in two forms: calls and puts. A call option gives the option purchaser the right to buy the underlying stock. A put option gives the option purchaser the right to sell the underlying stock.

A call option is valuable to the extent that the exercise price is below the market value of the underlying stock. For example, if a stock is trading at $100 per share and you hold a call option entitling you to buy the stock at $72 per share, your option has an immediate value to you of $100 - $72 = $28, before taking into account any tax consequences or transaction fees.

A put option is the mirror image of a call option. A put option becomes more valuable as the price of the stock moves below the exercise price. For example, if you have purchased a put option with a strike price of $90 and the stock price moves to $80, you may choose to exercise the option and sell the underlying stock at $90 for an immediate unrealized per share gain of $90 - $80 = $10.

With both calls and puts, the purchaser of the option has the right to exercise, while the option seller is obligated to respond if the option is exercised. The option purchaser pays an upfront fee known as the premium to the option seller in return for the right of exercise. The option buyer has a known investment risk — if the option expires unexercised, the purchaser of the option recognizes the premium paid as a loss. Conversely, the option seller undertakes potentially unlimited market risk in return for the premium received.

3. Components of an Option’s Value

Option contracts are traded on regulated markets, and their values may fluctuate throughout the trading day. The price of an option at any given time is based on several factors, including the current price of the underlying stock, the price volatility of the underlying stock, the time to maturity, and interest rates.

Intrinsic value — the intrinsic value of the option is the difference between the exercise price and the price of the underlying security. An option is “in the money” when the intrinsic value is positive.

Volatility — part of an option’s value reflects the volatility of the underlying security. If a stock price is highly volatile, there is a relatively greater chance that the option will be “in the money” at expiration, and therefore, the option will carry a higher premium than an option on a less a volatile stock.

Time value — the more time remaining until the expiration date of the option, the greater the potential for a significant change to occur in the price of the underlying security and the greater the value of the option. Time value diminishes as the expiration date of the option approaches.

Interest rates — the option premium is a cash payment that can be invested by the option seller to generate interest income. Higher interest rates present opportunities for potentially greater earnings on the option premium.

Intrinsic value, volatility, and time value can significantly affect an option’s market value. An option with an exercise price above the current market value of the underlying security may still have considerable potential value.

For example, if you hold a call option with an exercise price of $72 and the current share price is $65, your option would generate a loss if it were exercised today. However, as stated above, option contracts typically are valid for months or years, until the stated expiration date. The time value of the call option is the potential that the share price will rise over time and eventually exceed the option exercise price.

4. Employee Stock Options

Employee stock options are call options granted by an employer as part of an employee compensation plan. There are two main types of employee stock options: incentive stock options and nonqualified stock options. Incentive stock options offer special income tax benefits to the employee.

An incentive stock option (ISO) must meet a number of criteria to qualify for favorable tax treatment. As long as the shares acquired through an ISO are held for at least one year following exercise and are not disposed of until at least two years after the option is granted, the difference between the option price and the sale price is taxed as a long-term gain. The tax is applied at the sale of the stock. If you don’t meet the one-year holding-period requirement, the transaction is considered a “disqualifying disposition” and your gains are taxed as ordinary income.

A nonqualified stock option (NSO) is an option that doesn’t meet the ISO criteria. Gains on NSOs are taxed as ordinary income at the time of exercise.

OPTION TERMINOLOGY
Call option An option that gives the option buyer the right to purchase the underlying security.
Exercise date The date by which the option must be exercised.
Expiration date The date that the option will expire (same as the exercise date).
Intrinsic value The difference between the strike price and the current price of the underlying security.
Premium An upfront fee paid by the option buyer to the option seller.
Put option An option that gives the option buyer the right to sell the underlying security.
Strike price The stated price at which the underlying security can be purchased or sold (also called the exercise price).
Time value The component of an option’s price that reflects the time left to expiration.
Volatility The tendency of the underlying security to fluctuate in price.

5. Consider Option Strategies Carefully

Options are leveraged investments that can offer significant potential advantages and risks. As part of an overall investment strategy, put and call options may offer opportunities to temporarily alter the risk/return characteristics of a portfolio. Before investing in options, it is important to thoroughly understand the potential risks and benefits. You should consult a qualified tax advisor as to how option transactions may affect your tax situation. If you are an employee and have received stock options as employee compensation, you will want to carefully consider how exercise of your options may affect your cash flow and tax liability.

Summary:

* An option is a contract entitling the option purchaser to buy or sell the underlying stock at the stated exercise price. A call option gives the holder the right to buy the underlying stock; a put option gives the holder the right to sell the underlying stock.
* The option purchaser’s risk on the option is limited to the premium paid; the option seller’s risk on the option is potentially unlimited.
* A call option is valuable to the extent that the exercise price is below the market value of the underlying stock at the time you choose to exercise the option by buying shares. The time value of the option is the potential that the share price will rise over time and eventually exceed the option exercise price.
* Employee stock options may be tax-qualified incentive stock options (ISOs) or nonqualified stock options (NSOs). If shares acquired through an ISO are held for at least one year following exercise and are not disposed of until at least two years after the option is granted, the difference between the option price and the sale price is taxed as a long-term gain. If you don’t meet the one-year holding-period requirement, the transaction is considered a disqualifying disposition and your gains are taxed as ordinary income.
* Before implementing an investment strategy using options or before entering into any equity arrangements with an employer, consult your tax advisor.

Checklist:
* Check the current share prices of the stocks associated with your stock options.
* Confirm that you’ve met holding-period requirements before using employee stock options in order to
qualify for more favorable tax treatment.
* Conduct a comprehensive investment portfolio review to make sure that your options are part of a well-
diversified overall asset allocation.
* Consider meeting with a tax advisor or financial professional to understand how your options could
affect your tax and investment strategies.

[Source: http://finance.yahoo.com/how-to-guide/career-work/12827;_ylt=Aqlyc_KbkoKWZixQ1XeRpkUimNIF]

Review these typical interview questions and think about how you would
answer them. Read the questions listed; you will also find some
strategy suggestions with it.

(Excerpted from the book The Accelerated Job Search by Wayne D. Ford, Ph.D, published by The Management Advantage, Inc.)
August 19, 2006
Posted by bhuvans in Interview Q & A. trackback

1. Tell me about yourself:
The most often asked question in interviews. You need to have a short
statement prepared in your mind. Be careful that it does not sound
rehearsed. Limit it to work-related items unless instructed otherwise.
Talk about things you have done and jobs you have held that relate to
the position you are interviewing for. Start with the item farthest
back and work up to the present.

2. Why did you leave your last job?
Stay positive regardless of the circumstances. Never refer to a major
problem with management and never speak ill of supervisors, co-workers
or the organization. If you do, you will be the one looking bad. Keep
smiling and talk about leaving for a positive reason such as an
opportunity, a chance to do something special or other forward-looking
reasons.

3. What experience do you have in this field?
Speak about specifics that relate to the position you are applying for.
If you do not have specific experience, get as close as you can.

4. Do you consider yourself successful?
You should always answer yes and briefly explain why. A good
explanation is that you have set goals, and you have met some and are
on track to achieve the others.

5. What do co-workers say about you?
Be prepared with a quote or two from co-workers. Either a specific
statement or a paraphrase will work. Jill Clark, a co-worker at Smith
Company, always said I was the hardest workers she had ever known. It
is as powerful as Jill having said it at the interview herself.

6. What do you know about this organization?
This question is one reason to do some research on the organization
before the interview. Find out where they have been and where they are
going. What are the current issues and who are the major players?

7. What have you done to improve your knowledge in the last year?
Try to include improvement activities that relate to the job. A wide
variety of activities can be mentioned as positive self-improvement.
Have some good ones handy to mention.

8. Are you applying for other jobs?
Be honest but do not spend a lot of time in this area. Keep the focus
on this job and what you can do for this organization. Anything else is
a distraction.

9. Why do you want to work for this organization?
This may take some thought and certainly, should be based on the
research you have done on the organization. Sincerity is extremely
important here and will easily be sensed. Relate it to your long-term
career goals.

10. Do you know anyone who works for us?
Be aware of the policy on relatives working for the organization. This
can affect your answer even though they asked about friends not
relatives. Be careful to mention a friend only if they are well thought
of.

11. What kind of salary do you need?
A loaded question. A nasty little game that you will probably lose if
you answer first. So, do not answer it. Instead, say something like,
That’s a tough question. Can you tell me the range for this position?
In most cases, the interviewer, taken off guard, will tell you. If not,
say that it can depend on the details of the job. Then give a wide
range.

12. Are you a team player?
You are, of course, a team player. Be sure to have examples ready.
Specifics that show you often perform for the good of the team rather
than for yourself are good evidence of your team attitude. Do not brag,
just say it in a matter-of-fact tone. This is a key point.

13. How long would you expect to work for us if hired?
Specifics here are not good. Something like this should work: I’d like
it to be a long time. Or As long as we both feel I’m doing a good job.

14. Have you ever had to fire anyone? How did you feel about that?
This is serious. Do not make light of it or in any way seem like you
like to fire people. At the same time, you will do it when it is the
right thing to do. When it comes to the organization versus the
individual who has created a harmful situation, you will protect the
organization. Remember firing is not the same as layoff or reduction in
force.

15. What is your philosophy towards work?
The interviewer is not looking for a long or flowery dissertation here.
Do you have strong feelings that the job gets done? Yes. That’s the
type of answer that works best here. Short and positive, showing a
benefit to the organization.

16. If you had enough money to retire right now, would you?
Answer yes if you would. But since you need to work, this is the type
of work you prefer. Do not say yes if you do not mean it.

17. Have you ever been asked to leave a position?
If you have not, say no. If you have, be honest, brief and avoid saying
negative things about the people or organization involved.

18. Explain how you would be an asset to this organization
You should be anxious for this question. It gives you a chance to
highlight your best points as they relate to the position being
discussed. Give a little advance thought to this relationship.

19. Why should we hire you?
Point out how your assets meet what the organization needs. Do not
mention any other candidates to make a comparison.

20. Tell me about a suggestion you have made
Have a good one ready. Be sure and use a suggestion that was accepted
and was then considered successful. One related to the type of work
applied for is a real plus.

21. What irritates you about co-workers?
This is a trap question. Think real hard but fail to come up with
anything that irritates you. A short statement that you seem to get
along with folks is great.

22. What is your greatest strength?
Numerous answers are good, just stay positive. A few good examples:
Your ability to prioritize, Your problem-solving skills, Your ability
to work under pressure, Your ability to focus on projects, Your
professional expertise, Your leadership skills, Your positive attitude

23. Tell me about your dream job.
Stay away from a specific job. You cannot win. If you say the job you
are contending for is it, you strain credibility. If you say another
job is it, you plant the suspicion that you will be dissatisfied with
this position if hired. The best is to stay genetic and say something
like: A job where I love the work, like the people, can contribute and
can’t wait to get to work.

24. Why do you think you would do well at this job?
Give several reasons and include skills, experience and interest.

25. What are you looking for in a job?
See answer # 23

26. What kind of person would you refuse to work with?
Do not be trivial. It would take disloyalty to the organization,
violence or lawbreaking to get you to object. Minor objections will
label you as a whiner.

27. What is more important to you: the money or the work?
Money is always important, but the work is the most important. There is
no better answer.

28. What would your previous supervisor say your strongest point is?
There are numerous good possibilities:
Loyalty, Energy, Positive attitude, Leadership, Team player, Expertise,
Initiative, Patience, Hard work, Creativity, Problem solver

29. Tell me about a problem you had with a supervisor
Biggest trap of all. This is a test to see if you will speak ill of
your boss. If you fall for it and tell about a problem with a former
boss, you may well below the interview right there. Stay positive and
develop a poor memory about any trouble with a supervisor.

30. What has disappointed you about a job?
Don’t get trivial or negative. Safe areas are few but can include:
Not enough of a challenge. You were laid off in a reduction Company did
not win a contract, which would have given you more responsibility.

31. Tell me about your ability to work under pressure.
You may say that you thrive under certain types of pressure. Give an
example that relates to the type of position applied for.

32. Do your skills match this job or another job more closely?
Probably this one. Do not give fuel to the suspicion that you may want
another job more than this one.

33. What motivates you to do your best on the job?
This is a personal trait that only you can say, but good examples are:
Challenge, Achievement, Recognition

34. Are you willing to work overtime? Nights? Weekends?
This is up to you. Be totally honest.

35. How would you know you were successful on this job?
Several ways are good measures:
You set high standards for yourself and meet them. Your outcomes are a
success.Your boss tell you that you are successful

36. Would you be willing to relocate if required?
You should be clear on this with your family prior to the interview if
you think there is a chance it may come up. Do not say yes just to get
the job if the real answer is no. This can create a lot of problems
later on in your career. Be honest at this point and save yourself
future grief.

37. Are you willing to put the interests of the organization ahead ofyour own?
This is a straight loyalty and dedication question. Do not worry about
the deep ethical and philosophical implications. Just say yes.

38. Describe your management style.
Try to avoid labels. Some of the more common labels, like progressive,
salesman or consensus, can have several meanings or descriptions
depending on which management expert you listen to. The situational
style is safe, because it says you will manage according to the
situation, instead of one size fits all.

39. What have you learned from mistakes on the job?
Here you have to come up with something or you strain credibility. Make
it small, well intentioned mistake with a positive lesson learned. An
example would be working too far ahead of colleagues on a project and
thus throwing coordination off.

40. Do you have any blind spots?
Trick question. If you know about blind spots, they are no longer blind
spots. Do not reveal any personal areas of concern here. Let them do
their own discovery on your bad points. Do not hand it to them.

41. If you were hiring a person for this job, what would you look for?
Be careful to mention traits that are needed and that you have.

42. Do you think you are overqualified for this position?
Regardless of your qualifications, state that you are very well
qualified for the position.

43. How do you propose to compensate for your lack of experience?
First, if you have experience that the interviewer does not know about,
bring that up: Then, point out (if true) that you are a hard working
quick learner.

44. What qualities do you look for in a boss?
Be generic and positive. Safe qualities are knowledgeable, a sense of
humor, fair, loyal to subordinates and holder of high standards. All
bosses think they have these traits.

45. Tell me about a time when you helped resolve a dispute betweenothers.
Pick a specific incident. Concentrate on your problem solving technique
and not the dispute you settled.

46. What position do you prefer on a team working on a project?
Be honest. If you are comfortable in different roles, point that out.

47. Describe your work ethic.
Emphasize benefits to the organization. Things like, determination to
get the job done and work hard but enjoy your work are good.

48. What has been your biggest professional disappointment?
Be sure that you refer to something that was beyond your control. Show
acceptance and no negative feelings.

49. Tell me about the most fun you have had on the job.
Talk about having fun by accomplishing something for the organization.

50. Do you have any questions for me?
Always have some questions prepared. Questions prepared where you will be an asset to the organization are good. How soon will I be able to be productive? and What type of projects will I be able to assist on? are
examples.

[Source:http://bhuvans.wordpress.com/2006/08/19/50-common-interview-qa/]

Review these typical interview questions and think about how you would
answer them. Read the questions listed; you will also find some
strategy suggestions with it.

(Excerpted from the book The Accelerated Job Search by Wayne D. Ford, Ph.D, published by The Management Advantage, Inc.)
August 19, 2006
Posted by bhuvans in Interview Q & A. trackback

1. Tell me about yourself:
The most often asked question in interviews. You need to have a short
statement prepared in your mind. Be careful that it does not sound
rehearsed. Limit it to work-related items unless instructed otherwise.
Talk about things you have done and jobs you have held that relate to
the position you are interviewing for. Start with the item farthest
back and work up to the present.

2. Why did you leave your last job?
Stay positive regardless of the circumstances. Never refer to a major
problem with management and never speak ill of supervisors, co-workers
or the organization. If you do, you will be the one looking bad. Keep
smiling and talk about leaving for a positive reason such as an
opportunity, a chance to do something special or other forward-looking
reasons.

3. What experience do you have in this field?
Speak about specifics that relate to the position you are applying for.
If you do not have specific experience, get as close as you can.

4. Do you consider yourself successful?
You should always answer yes and briefly explain why. A good
explanation is that you have set goals, and you have met some and are
on track to achieve the others.

5. What do co-workers say about you?
Be prepared with a quote or two from co-workers. Either a specific
statement or a paraphrase will work. Jill Clark, a co-worker at Smith
Company, always said I was the hardest workers she had ever known. It
is as powerful as Jill having said it at the interview herself.

6. What do you know about this organization?
This question is one reason to do some research on the organization
before the interview. Find out where they have been and where they are
going. What are the current issues and who are the major players?

7. What have you done to improve your knowledge in the last year?
Try to include improvement activities that relate to the job. A wide
variety of activities can be mentioned as positive self-improvement.
Have some good ones handy to mention.

8. Are you applying for other jobs?
Be honest but do not spend a lot of time in this area. Keep the focus
on this job and what you can do for this organization. Anything else is
a distraction.

9. Why do you want to work for this organization?
This may take some thought and certainly, should be based on the
research you have done on the organization. Sincerity is extremely
important here and will easily be sensed. Relate it to your long-term
career goals.

10. Do you know anyone who works for us?
Be aware of the policy on relatives working for the organization. This
can affect your answer even though they asked about friends not
relatives. Be careful to mention a friend only if they are well thought
of.

11. What kind of salary do you need?
A loaded question. A nasty little game that you will probably lose if
you answer first. So, do not answer it. Instead, say something like,
That’s a tough question. Can you tell me the range for this position?
In most cases, the interviewer, taken off guard, will tell you. If not,
say that it can depend on the details of the job. Then give a wide
range.

12. Are you a team player?
You are, of course, a team player. Be sure to have examples ready.
Specifics that show you often perform for the good of the team rather
than for yourself are good evidence of your team attitude. Do not brag,
just say it in a matter-of-fact tone. This is a key point.

13. How long would you expect to work for us if hired?
Specifics here are not good. Something like this should work: I’d like
it to be a long time. Or As long as we both feel I’m doing a good job.

14. Have you ever had to fire anyone? How did you feel about that?
This is serious. Do not make light of it or in any way seem like you
like to fire people. At the same time, you will do it when it is the
right thing to do. When it comes to the organization versus the
individual who has created a harmful situation, you will protect the
organization. Remember firing is not the same as layoff or reduction in
force.

15. What is your philosophy towards work?
The interviewer is not looking for a long or flowery dissertation here.
Do you have strong feelings that the job gets done? Yes. That’s the
type of answer that works best here. Short and positive, showing a
benefit to the organization.

16. If you had enough money to retire right now, would you?
Answer yes if you would. But since you need to work, this is the type
of work you prefer. Do not say yes if you do not mean it.

17. Have you ever been asked to leave a position?
If you have not, say no. If you have, be honest, brief and avoid saying
negative things about the people or organization involved.

18. Explain how you would be an asset to this organization
You should be anxious for this question. It gives you a chance to
highlight your best points as they relate to the position being
discussed. Give a little advance thought to this relationship.

19. Why should we hire you?
Point out how your assets meet what the organization needs. Do not
mention any other candidates to make a comparison.

20. Tell me about a suggestion you have made
Have a good one ready. Be sure and use a suggestion that was accepted
and was then considered successful. One related to the type of work
applied for is a real plus.

21. What irritates you about co-workers?
This is a trap question. Think real hard but fail to come up with
anything that irritates you. A short statement that you seem to get
along with folks is great.

22. What is your greatest strength?
Numerous answers are good, just stay positive. A few good examples:
Your ability to prioritize, Your problem-solving skills, Your ability
to work under pressure, Your ability to focus on projects, Your
professional expertise, Your leadership skills, Your positive attitude

23. Tell me about your dream job.
Stay away from a specific job. You cannot win. If you say the job you
are contending for is it, you strain credibility. If you say another
job is it, you plant the suspicion that you will be dissatisfied with
this position if hired. The best is to stay genetic and say something
like: A job where I love the work, like the people, can contribute and
can’t wait to get to work.

24. Why do you think you would do well at this job?
Give several reasons and include skills, experience and interest.

25. What are you looking for in a job?
See answer # 23

26. What kind of person would you refuse to work with?
Do not be trivial. It would take disloyalty to the organization,
violence or lawbreaking to get you to object. Minor objections will
label you as a whiner.

27. What is more important to you: the money or the work?
Money is always important, but the work is the most important. There is
no better answer.

28. What would your previous supervisor say your strongest point is?
There are numerous good possibilities:
Loyalty, Energy, Positive attitude, Leadership, Team player, Expertise,
Initiative, Patience, Hard work, Creativity, Problem solver

29. Tell me about a problem you had with a supervisor
Biggest trap of all. This is a test to see if you will speak ill of
your boss. If you fall for it and tell about a problem with a former
boss, you may well below the interview right there. Stay positive and
develop a poor memory about any trouble with a supervisor.

30. What has disappointed you about a job?
Don’t get trivial or negative. Safe areas are few but can include:
Not enough of a challenge. You were laid off in a reduction Company did
not win a contract, which would have given you more responsibility.

31. Tell me about your ability to work under pressure.
You may say that you thrive under certain types of pressure. Give an
example that relates to the type of position applied for.

32. Do your skills match this job or another job more closely?
Probably this one. Do not give fuel to the suspicion that you may want
another job more than this one.

33. What motivates you to do your best on the job?
This is a personal trait that only you can say, but good examples are:
Challenge, Achievement, Recognition

34. Are you willing to work overtime? Nights? Weekends?
This is up to you. Be totally honest.

35. How would you know you were successful on this job?
Several ways are good measures:
You set high standards for yourself and meet them. Your outcomes are a
success.Your boss tell you that you are successful

36. Would you be willing to relocate if required?
You should be clear on this with your family prior to the interview if
you think there is a chance it may come up. Do not say yes just to get
the job if the real answer is no. This can create a lot of problems
later on in your career. Be honest at this point and save yourself
future grief.

37. Are you willing to put the interests of the organization ahead ofyour own?
This is a straight loyalty and dedication question. Do not worry about
the deep ethical and philosophical implications. Just say yes.

38. Describe your management style.
Try to avoid labels. Some of the more common labels, like progressive,
salesman or consensus, can have several meanings or descriptions
depending on which management expert you listen to. The situational
style is safe, because it says you will manage according to the
situation, instead of one size fits all.

39. What have you learned from mistakes on the job?
Here you have to come up with something or you strain credibility. Make
it small, well intentioned mistake with a positive lesson learned. An
example would be working too far ahead of colleagues on a project and
thus throwing coordination off.

40. Do you have any blind spots?
Trick question. If you know about blind spots, they are no longer blind
spots. Do not reveal any personal areas of concern here. Let them do
their own discovery on your bad points. Do not hand it to them.

41. If you were hiring a person for this job, what would you look for?
Be careful to mention traits that are needed and that you have.

42. Do you think you are overqualified for this position?
Regardless of your qualifications, state that you are very well
qualified for the position.

43. How do you propose to compensate for your lack of experience?
First, if you have experience that the interviewer does not know about,
bring that up: Then, point out (if true) that you are a hard working
quick learner.

44. What qualities do you look for in a boss?
Be generic and positive. Safe qualities are knowledgeable, a sense of
humor, fair, loyal to subordinates and holder of high standards. All
bosses think they have these traits.

45. Tell me about a time when you helped resolve a dispute betweenothers.
Pick a specific incident. Concentrate on your problem solving technique
and not the dispute you settled.

46. What position do you prefer on a team working on a project?
Be honest. If you are comfortable in different roles, point that out.

47. Describe your work ethic.
Emphasize benefits to the organization. Things like, determination to
get the job done and work hard but enjoy your work are good.

48. What has been your biggest professional disappointment?
Be sure that you refer to something that was beyond your control. Show
acceptance and no negative feelings.

49. Tell me about the most fun you have had on the job.
Talk about having fun by accomplishing something for the organization.

50. Do you have any questions for me?
Always have some questions prepared. Questions prepared where you will be an asset to the organization are good. How soon will I be able to be productive? and What type of projects will I be able to assist on? are
examples.

[Source:http://bhuvans.wordpress.com/2006/08/19/50-common-interview-qa/]

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Note: Mac users substitute Open Apple for ALT, and Command Key for CTRL.

ALT-D
to jump insertion point to address bar.

Instead of lunging for your mouse, try this slick technique for opening a new page. Press ALT-D, and your insertion point (cursor) will jump to the address bar. Then simply overtype the existing address.

CTRL-Enter
to type “www…com” quickly.

When combined with ALT-D above, this works wonders! Once you are in the address bar, there is no need to type the http:// prefix or the www. or the .com domain names. Simply type the middle portion of the desired address, and press CTRL-Enter.

e.g. If you type CNN and press CTRL-Enter, you will go to http://www.cnn.com

CTRL-Mouse wheel spin
to enlarge or shrink page font size

That screen font is too small or too large for you? No worries, simply spin your mousewheel while holding CTRL. Your font size changes incrementally.

CTRL-T
to launch a new tab

A favorite trick for power Internet users… this enables you to read your Gmail or Hotmail, while searching Google, and simultaneously checking your stocks and weather reports.

CTRL-T launches a new tab (effectively a new browser window, but without all the memory overhead of a full window).

SHIFT-Click
a link
to launch a new window with the link.

If you are doing research, and wish to keep your current location while browsing another, use SHIFT while you click on a link. The new page opens in a second window.

Backspace
to reverse one page in your browser history.

Instead of lunging for your “back button”, use backspace to reverse once into the past.

Excellent for researching and browsing.

F11
to expand to Full Screen view

This effectively adds 25% more viewing area to your screen.

F11 hides the title bar, menu bar, address bar, and status bar. Press F11 again to toggle back to regular view.

CTRL-K
jump to Google bar to search

There is an integrated Google search bar in the top right of the screen. Use CTRL-K to quick-jump to this, and search for your next web page!

F5
refresh-reload the web page

If your page fails to fully load, or if you are looking to update the weather and sports scores on your screen, press the classic F5 key to refresh.

CTRL-D
to bookmark the current page

Again, save yourself the effort of lunging for your mouse. Press CTRL-D, and your bookmark dialog box will appear.

Related: pressing enter will accept the dialog box defaults.

[Source From: http://netforbeginners.about.com/od/understandyourbrowser/l/blfirefoxtips1.htm]

Review: Firefox Browser 2
From Related Firefox Resources
An Excellent Alternative to Microsoft IE

At version 2, Mozilla’s Firefox browser is still brand new software. Yet with recent detail improvements, this browser is already a wonderful alternative to using Microsoft’s IE6 or IE7 browser.

OVERVIEW
Good: Firefox has a super-small installation (4.9MB), tabbed browsing, multiple shortcut features, integrating pop-up ad blocking, integrated Google search, large viewing area, compatibility with IE shortcuts/ favorites/cookies, clean interface, very user friendly design, and no glaring security holes. It sometimes render pages faster even on dial-up which make you feel like your using a DSL connection.

Bad: Some online banks and other password-protected websites are not designed to allow Firefox users.

Overall: Despite its small flaws, Firefox is an excellent browser that is within a two years of unseating Microsoft IE from its throne.

BACKGROUND
In the mid 1990’s, a heated courtroom battle of Microsoft IE versus Netscape Navigator was waged. After years of legal wrestling, Microsoft triumphed with the permission to bundle its IE browser into its Windows software and distribute it freely. By the sheer inertia of this distribution, 90% of the world now uses Microsoft IE to surf the web.

Netscape, while losing the market share battle, did preserve a spot in the universe by starting the Mozilla Project in 1998, where they published the Netscape source code for open developer use. Within six years, “Firebird” was designed, which has now become “Firefox”, a very respectable browser that will give Microsoft a run for its money.

Now, Firefox is available as free software at www.mozilla.org.and at www.getfirefox.com

FIREFOX PROS
1. The Mozilla Firefox browser is amazingly lean. At just over 4.9MB to download and install, Firefox does not suffer from being overweight (unlike Microsoft IE6 at 80MB). The 4.9MB Firefox install does not include plug-ins like Java Virtual Machine, Flash Player, Quicktime and Shockwave, but those features can be added through 30 minutes of user effort.

2. Firefox supports plenty of user shortcuts and keystrokes. Both novices and power users will like the helpful little perks like “Type Ahead”, CTRL-enter to complete URLs, and CTRL-T to launch new tabs. In many ways, it feels like Microsoft IE, and IE users will find it easy to switch to Firefox.

3. Integrated pop-up blocking! Yes, Firefox will shut down those pesky advertisements for you. No need to install 3rd party software…just set your Firefox options in your Tools menu to prevent pop-ups.

4. Power User Feature: Firefox can prevent annoying Javascript code from hiding your status bar, resizing or moving your window.

5. Larger viewing area than IE. With smaller toolbars, Firefox can fit nearly 10% more surface area onto your monitor.

6. Nifty bookmarking features for researchers! It is possible to bookmark and folder-organize multiple tabs at once.

THE BEST FEATURE
Tabbed browsing. This is the most elegant and efficient way to run multiple windows at once. Instead of loading another 40MB of code into your computer’s memory, each new “tab” window in Firefox adds less than 1MB of overhead load. With a simple press of keystroke CTRL-T, you can have a Google window, a Hotmail window, a news window, an Icebergradio.com window, and multiple other browsing screens. This is particularly useful for people on dial-up who want to multi-task while waiting for slow pages. Microsoft IE should take a lesson from this extremely useful tabbed design.

PERSONAL COMMENTS
I must confess, despite my devout loyalty to Microsoft’s IE browser, I absolutely adore Firefox! It’s clean, fast, similar enough to IE for immediate transition, and better in many little aspects. I am particularly fond of the tabbed pages, group bookmarking, and personal skin options. For repetitive browsing, searching, and viewing 90% of web pages, Mozilla’s Firefox is now my preferred choice.

Most significantly: I prefer to do online financial transactions in Firefox instead of IE. Firefox is much more reliable for encrypting my passwords and protecting my online PINS.

Granted, there are times I need to switch back to IE: viewing my web calendars, synching my Pocket PC, and viewing a select few web pages that render better in IE. But outside of these few exceptions, I am now a Firefox convert.

SUMMARY
Whether you are loyal to IE, Opera, Safari, Mozilla, or Netscape, the imperfect-but-lean Firefox is a highly recommended alternative. With so many helpful little features like pop-up blocking, tabbed browsing, horizontal bookmarks, and integrated Google, Mozilla’s Firefox is working hard to win its users affection. By focusing on the most-appreciated browsing features, the Mozilla developers are giving users a slick and lean alternative to the bloated-and-insecure Microsoft IE browser.

Is this the end of Microsoft IE? No, not by a long shot, but this is the first really serious threat to IE’s market share, and perhaps the beginning of Browser War II. As of this writing, an estimated 35 million users have switched from IE to Firefox, or roughly 15% of the Internet public. Accordingly Microsoft’s market share has dropped from 90% to less than 80% since Firefox was released.

Try Firefox out for yourself. Maybe you’ll see why so many users are switching over.

[From: http://netforbeginners.about.com/od/understandyourbrowser/fr/firefox1xreview.htm]

Google Docs & Spreadsheets vs Microsoft Office

[From: Google Operating System]

A lot of people like to compare Google Docs & Spreadsheets with Microsoft Office, OpenOffice, and other office suites, and to say that Google’s product is less powerful and can’t be a threat for Microsoft. But this comparison is plain wrong.

Here’s an excerpt from a 2005 press release of Writely, that was bought by Google in 2006 and became the Docs part of Google Docs & Spreadsheets:

While Salesforce.com’s Marc Benioff and others have hailed Writely as a serious challenge to Microsoft and its dominance of the office productivity market, Writely is not a carbon-copy of existing desktop solutions. Rather, Writely is an innovative, Web-centric word processor that leverages the connected nature of the Internet to provide online storage, editing, sharing and communication of documents - documents that users can now upload and save in multiple formats.

In a post from 2005, Writely argued that web applications have the advantage of being more approachable. They don’t require software installation, reading manuals.

One of the reasons the web is so nice is that the page UI is simple…a few things at a time, a very easy metaphor, etc. It passes the “mom” test - I can usually just tell my mom to go to a site, and she usually can figure it out. I can’t remember the last time I could do that with a desktop app. So, even though the windows desktop is “richer”, it’s not necessarily better.

And because they wanted to build something new, they ignored the obvious approach of trying to copy Microsoft Office. Writely tried to add features that make sense on the web.

The other question I get asked a lot is related - “So, how much of Word are you planning to copy?” The answer is: “none of it”. We don’t think of ourselves as a copy of Word on the web. (…) We’re a word processor, re-invented for the web.

Writely stayed away as much as possible from copying Word, and admired Gmail’s success, that didn’t copy any desktop mail client, unlike Oddpost, which was released much earlier than Gmail. Oddpost was bought by Yahoo, that transformed it into the new version of Yahoo Mail.

What’s the difference between Oddpost and Gmail? One followed desktop interaction conventions, required a particular browser and a particular operating system, and gained a cult following. The other came along four years later, followed Web interaction conventions, worked across all modern browsers — and transformed its entire category. Some might argue that Oddpost is the more sophisticated solution. But Gmail is part of the larger Web in a way that Oddpost never could have been.

This philosophy transferred to Google Docs & Spreadsheets, so that’s why it’s unfair to compare it to Microsoft Office. Even if they’ll add more features (charts in Google Spreadsheets, pagination in Google Docs), the products won’t try to be an imitation of a desktop product, but something that can be done on the web and takes advantage of the huge power of the web: collaboration, instant feedback, mashups, live data from the web, contextual search.

9 Tips on How to Avoid Colloquial (Informal) Writing

While it may be acceptable in friendly e-mails and chat rooms, excessive colloquialism is a major pitfall that has brought down the quality of formal, written text. Here are some steps/tips that you can follow to help to improve your overall writing:

Steps:

1. Know the meaning of colloquialism.
2. Understand basic English punctuation.
3. Avoid using common colloquial words/expressions, as listed below. Again, these are words that, while acceptable in speech, should not be used in formal writing.
4. Avoid using “filler” words. These words are not necessary, and should be removed.
5. Avoid contractions.
6. Limit your use of subjective pronouns.
7. Avoid splitting infinitives. An infinitive is a verb preceded by the word “to,” such as “to go” or “to
8. Avoid ending your sentences with a preposition. In most cases, it is inappropriate to end a sentence with a preposition [i.e. down, during, in, into, of, since].
9. Avoid clichés. Clichés are phrases that have been exhausted to the point where they have completely lost originality.

[Source: http://www.wikihow.com/Avoid-Colloquial-(Informal)-Writing]

Top Web Tools for College Students

This may be kinda late since the school year is over, but at least you can be prepared for the next school year and you canhave time to explore through this tools this summer (wether for summer classes or not).

I have been in college almost three years now and have been using many different Web tools that saved me time, helped me learn more and, most importantly, did not cost a penny. Here are 10 tools that I recommend for every college student:

1) Book Finder: Over a year you can end up spending thousands of dollars on books. I am one of those poor students who struggles for money, so the less I pay for books, the better. Book Finder is a neat site/tool that allows you to compare prices on more than 125 million books for sale from 4,000 sellers. So there’s no need to go to Amazon, Half.com and all the other book sites when Book Finder can search them for you.

Review: PC Magazine
Book Finder Journal
Screenshot of BookFinder

2) MynoteIT: If you’re a real organization freak—and by that I mean someone who irons underwear—you’ll love this app. Like the Google suite, you’ll have everything at your fingertips. But, and this is a big plus, it’s just for college students. Form online class groups, share, edit and search your class notes, plan your assignments with your calendar, and get things done with your task list.

Review: Life Hack
MynoteIT Blog
Screen shot of MynoteIT

3) Ottobib: Don’t you just hate making those bibliography pages? Although they look really simple, they can drain a lot of time out of you when you have more than 20 sources. Ottobib is a simple bibliography tool that allows you to enter multiple ISBN numbers at a time and retrieve the bibliographies in APA, MLA, or Chicago format.

Review: Wikipedia
Ottobib Blog
Screen shot of OttoBib

4) Google Docs: Every semester it always seems that I have group projects. I use Google Docs heavily for collaboration work. I’ve had multiple papers with a partner, and with Google Docs I just give him/her editing ability on a particular document and we can write the paper at the same time while talking on AIM.

Review: Life Hack
Google Docs Blog
Screen shot of Google Docs

5) Tada List: Scatterbrained? Disorganized? If you never can remember what homework assignments you have, Tada List will do it for you. It will help you keep track of whatever it is that you need to do and easily is accessible from any computer, wherever you are.

You can create as many “to do” lists as you like, such as “homework,” “projects,” or whatnot, and then track your items via RSS. Also, for a step up try Backpack. It manages your tasks, but also allows you to set up pages to store important files, photos and the like.

Review: Trizle
Screen shot of Tada List

6) Meebo: I am one of those tech geeks who is a computer science major, which means I have computers in a lot of my classes. I usually get bored because my teachers are slow, so I like to go online and chat with friends to keep up-to-date on all the latest things going around school, such as parties. Instead of installing chat software every time I go to class, I use Meebo. Meebo is an online instant messaging software where you can chat with others through AIM, MSN, Yahoo Messenger and Gtalk.

Review: TechCrunch
Meebo Blog
Screen shot of Meebo

7) Wikipedia: Although Wikipedia technically is not a tool, it’s worth mentioning. If you have to do a term paper, Wikipedia is a great resource to get your information. I would not rely on Wikipedia by itself, but it is a great place to get basic information as well as find links to other sites that discuss the topic of your term paper.

Wikipedia Community Portal
Zoho Show: Everyone I know who goes through college has to do a PowerPoint presentation sometime in their life. Some people like to use Microsoft PowerPoint, but I am not one of those guys. With Zoho Show I can edit, import, create and publish PowerPoint presentations online.

Review: Wikipedia
Zoho Show Blog

Screen shot of Zoho Show

9) Google Reader: Talk about information. One of the main reasons I am in college is to learn, but there is so much knowledge out there that it is just hard to keep track. With Google Reader I can easily keep up-to-date on the latest news.

Review: Life Hacker
Google Reader Blog
Screen shot of Google Reader

10) Del.icio.us: This social bookmarking site allows you to have all your bookmarks in one place and to share them with other people. The advantage to this site is that I can access my bookmarks on ANY computer. I Del.icio.us all of my college courses’ Web sites and tag them with the course name and semester date (i.e. gatech and spring07).

Usually, I’ll bookmark the class syllabus, the class wiki and the class blog. So, three to five classes are about 15 links a semester, which can be hard to keep track of any other way.

Review: PC Magazine
Del.icio.us Blog
Screen shot of Del.icio.us

10 Tips to Guide Graduates in The Next Phase of Life

By Leahcim Semaj
CEO, The JobBank
Work@LTSemaj.com
Published: July 09, 2006

[Source: www.ltsemaj.com]

Recently I had the privilege of addressing the graduating class at Porter’s Centre for Knowledge. I am sharing the presentation with others of you who are in transition to the next phase of your academic life.

1. Your history does not define your destiny
* Destiny is not a matter of chance it is a matter of choice;
* It is not a thing to be waited for, it is a thing to be achieved. William Jennings Bryan

The fact that you did well at one level is no guarantee that the success will continue. You must set out to design the future that you desire and you must work at making it happen.

2. You Run Things…
* No-one can prevent you from learning, If you want to
* No-one can make you learn, If you don’t want to.

It is too easy to lay the blame for your failures at someone else’s feet. Students often tell me that they can’t learn because the teacher does not like them. My question to them is “Do our DJs, the Rap artistes or singers like them?” Then how come they know the words to every song ever recorded? This points to what they see as important and to a warped sense of priority.

3. The most valuable result of all education is the ability to make yourself do the thing you have to do, When it ought to be done, Whether you like it or not. Walter Bagehot

The most critical aspect of the educational experience is the habits that are developed. The same excuses that were honed during the school years to rationalize why the work could not be completed and tend to follow you into your adult life. We have allowed ourselves and our children to become soft. We only do what feels good, what pleases us instantly. We have become too accustomed to instant gratification.

4. How far you get in life will be largely determined by how far you go in school.

We are now in the New Work Order which requires a higher level of skills and competences to get in the game and to cope with the changes ahead. If your child only goes as far as you did in school it will be much harder for him to replicate the lifestyle that you have raised him/her to. The competition is greater.

5. “Education makes you trainable, Training makes you employable, but Attitude makes you successful.” HEART Trust

The previous paradigm suggested that some students did not need to focus on specific academic pursuits because they could compensate by their exposure to vocational training. We now know that this was an error. All students need to enter the game of life with a full deck. We have seen many people lose their way because of a bad attitude.

6. You need to continuously learn new skills because you are likely to change careers 6 times in your life time.

Every year, old jobs disappear and are replaced by new jobs that require new competences. The only persons who will be able to evolve with these changes are those who are prepared to continuously grow. Adults need to understand and then help their children understand the need to become lifelong learners.

7. Exposure facilitates awareness, awareness facilitates interest, and interest facilitates skill.

Parents and teachers need to understand that skills do not magically appear. There is a definable cycle that must be engaged, beginning with exposure. This means that if we do not broaden and deepen the possibilities for exposure, we lessen the likelihood of sowing the seed from which skills will eventually be nurtured.

8. Your parents cannot leave their status to you on the will.

* Your family name may get you in the door, but you have to earn the right to stay there.

Many children from privileged circumstances labour under false assumptions based on their family of origin. The sooner that they realize that they will have to earn their place in the world, the more equipped will they be to build on the start provided by their parents.

9. Understand the motives of those who want to be your friends.

Many children going to new schools come September can easily be exploited by persons who prey on their need for connectedness. Parents you must help your children to filter and evaluate these new experiences. Help them understand the importance of always doing what is right.

10. Your talents are God’s gift to you, what you do with them is your gift to God.

Remind your children of the Parable of the Talents in the Bible. Make sure that they understand the spiritual mandate to use their abilities for the greater good. Remind them of the words of Bob Marley and The Wailers:

Live for yourself, you live in vain
Live for others, you will live again.
(Pass it On)

[Source: www.ltsemaj.com]

Here is the online petition against the Globe Price Hike. Please sign and help bring the price back down.

View Website of Online Petition

View Current Signatures

Sign Petition

To: National Telecommunications Commission

We, subcribers of Globe and citizens of the Philippines, demand that the Commission withdraw its approval of the new Globe unlimited texting promo which replaced Globe Unlimitxt and resulted in a price increase. The NTC must stop it immediately and restore the old unlimited texting rates.

We feel aggrieved and insulted by the sudden change, the lack of prior consultation or public hearing and the absence of complete information on the new Globe unlimited texting service approved by the Commission.

We condemn the deception of Globe Telecom. The stoppage of Globe Unlimitxt and its replacement by the new promo has resulted in a 100 percent increase in unlimited texting rates. From P50.00 for five days, the rate is now P80.00 for four days. Such a price hike should be taken back by Globe and authorization withdrawn by the NTC. The NTC should closely study all new promos that purportedly provide “wider choices” but turn out to be so deceptively and cleverly crafted to sneak in a price hike. Thus, the NTC is duty bound to correct its mistake by ordering Globe to bring back Globe Unlimitxt.

We urge the NTC to take a pro-consumer stand vis-a-vis telecommunications corporations who are known for disrespecting and abusing subscribers through unfair promos, warrantless price hikes, arbitrary pricing, low quality services, and bad customer service.

We demand immediate action from the Commission. The NTC must respond to the consumer complaint filed by TXTPower on Feb. 1, 2007 which we fully support.

Sincerely,

The Undersigned

View Current Signatures

Sign Petition

The Lakas ng abuso ng Globe, posible?! Petition to National Telecommunications Commission was created by TXTPower and written by Anthony Ian M. Cruz (tonyo@txtpower.org). This petition is hosted here at www.PetitionOnline.com as a public service. There is no endorsement of this petition, express or implied, by Artifice, Inc. or our sponsors. For technical support please use our simple Petition Help form.

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